[ericbarrett]

This is correct, but they're only "Microsoft" line endings (CR+LF) when you're encoding a text file. When output to a terminal, they're literal instructions:

CR - carriage return - escaped as \r - move the carriage to the beginning of the line (the "carriage" is the print head of a line printer, think an old dot-matrix or a typewriter)

LF - line feed - escaped as \n - advance the paper one line.

Since all on-screen terminals are "virtual", these are translated to cursor movements. But their origin is in paper output.

    If you've ever
                  seen text that
                                gets printed like this

...it's because the \n LF line separators in the output aren't being translated to terminal instructions, just dumped raw.

MS decided that both should be kept in text files; Unix-ish dropped the carriage return to use \n; MacOS before OSX used only \r.

[Joker_vD]

There are also (text-based) network protocols; almost all of them use CRLF as line breaks since time immemorial because "text is something that can be sent straight to the teletype and should be shown all right". UNIX decided to break with this tradition, others like DEC, and CP/M, and then Microsoft, decided not to which is why I put "Microsoft line-endings" in quotes: reasonably, they are just "line-endings", have always been, and then there is the "UNIX line-ending convention".