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> On the other hand: are humans really able to explain their inner workings of the brain, or aren’t we as well describing what kind of input features motivated our decisions?

That's really an interesting question. Even mathematical proofs are not really 100% rigorous. They are really about convincing others and it's really dependent on the others knowledge. As an engineer I would require much more detailed steps than a mathematician to accept a proof (if we engineers cared about that, of course).

So, to summarize, an explanation is really an ill defined concept.