Great post. Also highly recommend Designing Data-Intensive Applications
by Martin Kleppmann (https://www.amazon.com/Designing-Data-Intensive-Applications...). The sections on "Storage and Retrieval", "Replication", "Partitioning" and "Transactions" really opened up my eyes!
I really like how he (Martin Kelppman) in the book starts with a primitive data structure for constructing a database design, and then evolves the system slowly and describes the various trade offs with building a database from the ground up.
I have not read it personally, but I've seen 'How Query Engines Work' highly recommended several times before. I have a procrasinatory tab open to check it out some day.
Seconding Database Internals - it's not just about "Internals of a database", as part 2 gets nitty gritty with the general problems of distributed systems, consensus, consistency, availability, etc. etc.
I really like how he (Martin Kelppman) in the book starts with a primitive data structure for constructing a database design, and then evolves the system slowly and describes the various trade offs with building a database from the ground up.