You’d probably need to do this with an AC-DC-AC transformer to also get the circuit converted to the 50hz cycle European power systems use, but it’d just be a waste because of the power losses involved (not to mention the expense of the transformers). Also, a typical 15A circuit in a home will handle ~1.8kw of sustained load, so as long as you can dedicate a circuit to such a rig, you’d be fine.
You probably have a few such sockets around. Not the UK or eu form factor but 240v at least. Look at how your dryer or AC plugs into the wall and you'll see something different to the usual plugs.
There are definitely 240V for higher power usage (because they will need half the current for the same power with double voltage, and current (current density, technically) is what causes joule heating and melts wires/ starts fires.
The sockets will be incompatible with Euro or UK sockets. You could change the socket to a euro socket, bit the frequencies will be wrong for euro or uk devices (60Hz in the us, 50 in europe & UK.) This may or may not be important depending on what you're hooking up to it (understand that impedance and other electrical things are a function of frequency). The safest option would be to get something to convert the power (there seen to be products to do that) and put _that_ behind the Euro or UK outlets.
A surprising (but still tiny) number of US houses also can have three-phase brought out to them by the electric utility. Some utilities will charge you upfront for stringing it up and lighting up the wires, but another surprising number of utilities will just amortize it from the monthly cost of service.
It's still rare enough you have to ask ahead of time if you want it for any building you get into, but in some major metro areas it has gone from "you have got to be joking" to "sure, let me check on that".
Now if only I can find a reliable, durable three-phase solar inverter...
This is true, but I'm fairly certain that the amps of available power are calculated on a 120v basis, a 10 actual-amp washing machine would use 20 accounting amps at maximum power.
The rating of a service (and by extension, the main breaker) is available at 240V. It's true that if all of your 200A load is consumed on a single leg, with zero amps consumed on the opposing leg, that you would only be able to consume 200A * 120V nominal or 24kW, but if the load is balanced, you can pull 200A @ 240V nominal or 48kW.
Can we wire that in a way to would allow installing .uk or .de Schuko Type-F plugs?
It would be funny (and weird!) to have 220V available on a european socket for say a desktop equipped with a 1.5kW PSU for the upcoming Nvidia 4090 :)