https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylphenidate
Though I'll grant you we don't have data for long-term effects.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014976341...
Further, as you pointed out does have benefits (which is I assume why it's prescribed). Cocaine and meth have similar effects btw (pros and cons), abuse is what causes the issue(s). People can survive on both for decades though.