I'm thinking of Windows Installer (the MSI engine and database). I haven’t been in that world for a while, but it looks like winget is a frontend to a repo of MSIs or custom installers or whatever the store uses.
MSI doesn't do dependencies though, does it? You can launch one installer from another, for example if you want to install a .net framework with the app, but they're completely unrelated afterwards. There's no built in mechanism for updating them either.