[ethanwillis]

Well technically you can read those computer-readable ones too. And even become somewhat proficient. It's just that it's "harder". And as a second trick, a computer can even "read" the human-readable languages as well :)

I don't know if there's any actual good distinction to draw that won't have problems. I'd be interested to listen to people theorize on what the distinction is.

[Akronymus]

Would LLVM IR be something you compile or transpile to?

[vsnf]

It's compilation all the way down. I write C#, and it is compiled to CIL, which gets further compiled via the JIT into asm.

CIL, or JVM bytecode, or LLVM IR is just one more step in the compilation chain.