[asveikau]

I don't think so. What I remember is that compilers and other developer tools were expensive and that was normal. Real "professional" tools but also beginner stuff like Visual Basic. Though as a teenager I remember pirating them.

Free software and open source did a lot to change that. GCC for example. Linux becoming popular also helped. Then as interpreted languages became popular, with perl, python, etc., all free and under permissive licenses. Java was free for personal use then with commercial licenses IIRC? Even Microsoft started having "express" editions or compiler-only without IDE. I'd say by the 2000s decade compilers were no longer a cash cow.

[krylon]

I remember reading a blog post years ago (don't remember where or by whom, unfortunately) that claimed the compiler market was also eroded from the other end - many small-ish companies building compilers were acqui-hired by large companies trying to improve the performance of their RDBMS, so the compilers those companies produced often ended up as roadkill, or if lucky, were open-sourced (think OpenWatcom).

But maybe it just turned out the real money is in the tools - you can get all of Microsoft's compilers for free, but they still charge you big $$$ for Visual Studio, and lots of developers apparently are happy to pay that price. Intel still charge big bucks for their compiler, but I have no idea how widely used it actually is or what Intel's thinking is.

[asveikau]

I seem to recall that the free compilers from MS have (or used to have) limitations in the license about commercial use. If you use it for a popular product they may want money from you.