[Retric]

Taxing carbon would impact airlines much less than you might think.

A carbon tax high enough to basically kill off all ICE cars and fossil fuel power plants would modestly impact airfare costs. Airlines are convenient and take very direct routes while getting extreme fuel efficiency per passenger.

[realreality]

Airlines are not efficient. The carbon footprint per passenger is about the same as driving a car for the same distance.

And airlines have been flying empty planes during the pandemic. That's ridiculously wasteful.

[Retric]

Pandemic saw reduced passengers but it also saw vast reductions in flying down to as low as 9% of normal operations. So it had a smaller impact on averages than you might assume.

In normal operations they are about 100 passenger miles per gallon of fuel and that’s straight line paths with 80% full aircraft.

[realreality]

Seems like the “ghost flights” were a more recent issue: https://www.wired.com/story/airplanes-empty-slots-covid/

As for the fuel efficiency, this says 58mpg. Business class or first class are much worse, of course. And private jets simply shouldn’t exist…

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel_economy_in_aircraft

[Retric]

Where did you get 58mpg?

The only global number was: “In 2018, CO₂ emissions totalled 747 million tonnes for passenger transport, for 8.5 trillion revenue passenger kilometres (RPK), giving an average of 88 gram CO₂ per RPK.[2] A 88 gCO₂/km represents 28 g of fuel per km, or a 3.5 L/100 km (67 mpg‑US) fuel consumption.”

Anyway that’s not measuring direct fuel consumption in flight but estimating fuel used by the industry to transport passengers. Sort of like including fuel transportation costs to gas stations as part of a cars fuel efficiency. It’s also using US numbers to do so which likely overstate fuel consumption.

[realreality]

It's right on the wikipedia page, under "Operations":

> In 2018, the US airlines had a fuel consumption of 58 mpg‑US (4.06 L/100 km) per revenue passenger for domestic flights

We should take a system-wide view. The relative efficiency of any particular plane is irrelevant if the entire system depends on other, wasteful aspects. Let's consider the energy required to run an airport, including the infrastructure leading to the airport.

[Retric]

First that’s excluding more efficient long haul flights. If you want a system wide view then you also need to include the costs associated with building and maintaining rail/road networks etc.

Also just like road, rail, and boats aircraft don’t get to fly hypothetically ideal paths from origin to destination. Actual MPG is distance traveled / fuel used not distance from the origin to destination / fuel used.

Not to mention most commercial flights are also moving freight on those same aircraft but that’s secondary.