Doubt it. Even today, obvious spammy content aggregators show up for many keywords with stuff taken directly from Reddit/Stackoverflow/Superuser/etc.
All of Google's fancy ML could've been replaced with a simple report button - enough people report a site and either trigger a manual review (best option) or just ban them (could be used against competitors... but negative SEO was already a thing and is still widely used).
There was loads of SEO back in 2000 even! It brought alta vista to its knees, the number one search engine of the day.
Google got started, grew, because it filtered all that SEO spammy junk.
Do you have specific stats to back this up? Number of SEO pages vs good ones?
Or are you just presuming?