[sifar]

I find it useful thinking in ecosystem terms as a model. And ultimately, the economy is situated in a real ecosystem and not an abstract manifestation.

>> The economy is not like an ecosystem since there is no reciprocation If mutual beneficial trade is not reciprocation, then I don't know what is. Reciprocity is more a societal thing than an economic one. I would say historically there have always been reciprocal societies. Smaller ones tend to be more reciprocal than larger ones since their survival depends on it.

>> Money flows in one direction only, toward the top This is by design i.e intervention. It need not be so. And there is nothing preventing a species from colonizing an habitat till it exhausts the resources and it's own ultimate demise.

Monopolies, by and large are formed (and broken) by government aid/intervention. Post the industrial revolution, the government has become involved in more and more areas of the economy, so much so that now it has become the chief driver, to stimulate growth, reduce inflation, boost employment/industries. Given the complexity of interactions in the real world, I don't understand how someone can believe they can understand everything and control it.

Regarding your other comment, I agree, the notion of exponential growth is ridiculous and runs into real world limits.

[AlexandrB]

The idea that monopolies are formed due to government intervention runs counter to my lived experience of watching the Google Search and Facebook monopolies form in largely unregulated markets. The only viable competitors to Facebook were acquired before they could become a threat, Google meanwhile has used its search monopoly to fund monopolistic takeovers of other markets (web browsers come to mind).

[shagie]

You also get into the regulatory capture. Could anyone today create another YouTube with all of the necessary content controls for all the different countries in place? Or create a baby formula making company for current events?

It's possible - just it represents a significant amount of work that needs to be invested in the product before it can see the light of day (compared to other domains where there's less needed to invest).

[spiralx]

> Monopolies, by and large are formed (and broken) by government aid/intervention.

So natural monopolies and economies of scale are caused by governments?