The foundation is Apache OpenWhisk https://github.com/apache/openwhisk with DO specific customization to work with App Platform, managed databases, trusted sources, log shipping, and other DO specific capabilities. The closest programming model is AWS Lambda in terms of the semantics and execution model.
OpenWhisk functions are vendor agnostic and have a generic signature of JSON in and JSON out and no other dependencies. Functions on DigitalOcean may also run functions from Netlify and AWS Lambda (and vice versa). You can run the same functions on IBM Cloud Functions and Adobe I/O runtime. This article from 2020 runs the same code on multiple clouds included self hosted for the curious https://openwhisk.blog/post/advocate/openwhisk-portable-serv....