[teddyh]

How do your force applications to use this server? I mean, even if you MITM the connection to the application’s preferred DoH server, the application probably checks the certificate of the DoH server and refuses to work at all if it can’t get a verified connection.

[randomhodler84]

You don’t mitm the DoH, you substitute it with your own server.

I have yet to see DNS/DoH “pinning”, and apps (browsers) will let your override it. Embedding DNS entries in apps is a bad idea (as opposed to cert pinning, which is about fixed trust, and a good idea). Given that sometimes this is going to be blocked, even if they did it would fall to the host resolver.