[helldritch]

The equation for escape velocity is: v = √(2GM/R)

R = distance (radius, really) M = Mass of the body G = Universal gravitation constant

We can modify this equation to find for the distance at which you can escape:

r = 2GM/v^2

The answer is largely: it depends on how fast you can go, at the speed of light you can escape from further away, since the pull will increase the closer your are to the "event horizon".

I'm in a car right now (as a passenger ofc) doing this from my phone so not in a situation where I can put together a model, but you should be able to plug in some numbers and estimate a result, just make sure you convert to SI units so you don't accidentally end up 3 orders of magnitude off.

A black hole with the mass of the earth would have a radius of about 2cm, so things less massive than a planet start to get very small, very fast, and you end up fighting quantum effects which become less intuitive.