Do C++ people actually call it "bubbling up"? I don't think I've used a language where this isn't the default behaviour so I'm not sure I've ever heard it given an actual name, it's just what happens when you don't catch the exception - it keeps going until someone does catch it, or it hits the runtime and demolishes your program.
I've heard this term more often in JS contexts than in C++ contexts, to be honest. I don't think C++ programmers use the term all that often, though the reference to error propagation will probably be understood anyway.