[TaylorPhebillo]

The enormous risk factor from the article is malnutrition. Givewell, an organization which specializes in estimating the cost-effectiveness of forms of charitable giving, suggests treating acute malnutrition could be extremely cost effective, costing a few thousand dollars to save a life.

https://blog.givewell.org/2021/11/19/malnutrition-treatment/

[ZeroGravitas]

I'd imagine that dealing with malnutrition in children maximises quality of life as well as the binary alive/dead distinction.

[TaylorPhebillo]

I hope so? But that's hard to study, and Givewell (in contrast to other effective altruism organizations) is fairly conservative about making claims and recommendations.