[astrange]

Compiler IRs have the same semantics as the language they came from, otherwise it wouldn't be possible to optimize away any memory writes. I forget how it works in LLVM, but in general it's a combination of just saying which language it originally was and lots of alias set metadata.

[astrange]

Correction: they have the same provenance issues as the languages they come from; LLVM IR allows optimizing out memory operations based on aliasing and doesn't explicitly track provenance or aliasing in all cases, therefore it inherits these problems from the C it was designed to compile.