[TuringTest]

For anyone interested in programming paradigms, I strongly recommend the online 'Paradigms'[1] course by Peter Van Roy, which you can take for free if you don't want to get certified. It uses the multi-paradigm language Oz to explain the essence of each paradigm and the differences between them. (Learning that new language makes sense in this case, as it prevents you from being distracted by the idioms of languages you already know).

The course distills the primitives of different programming languages in terms of how they see state (see Van Roy's diagram in [2]), and how deciding to incorporate and combine some of those primitives and not others gives rise to the different programming styles. I found it enlightening, in the way that programmers' koans refer to.

[1] https://www.edx.org/es/course/paradigms-of-computer-programm...

[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_paradigm#Overview

(This is a repost of a comment I made below, so that readers who don't read the whole thread can still see it).