[mgas]

Not OP, but I have experience with the layers they describe. These are not separate Google Analytics products, but levels of implementation of the Google Analytics code.

The first level they mention is out-of-the-box, no setup Google Analytics. You install the site code and you get metrics. You don't need to be a developer or have any real skills to accomplish this. It is essentially low-effort, low-return.

The 2nd and 3rd layers do not require an investment in Google, but they do require an investment in people. You'll need someone who understands the Google Analytics API, the Measurement Protocol, how the script collects and sorts data, who can install, configure and implement Google Tag Manager, and who has at least an intermediate understanding of HTML/CSS/JS.

There is no nomenclature apart from the aspects of Google Analytics I described above, but you can read more about them here: https://developers.google.com/analytics/