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The article says the ban was instant, so it's probably their automated detection models. I can see them having some AI that auto-bans all posts with a photo with that symbol. And I can also see them having an exclusion list for some accounts that they think would be bad PR if they accidentally banned which I'd guess right now would include the official Ukrainian accounts and the NATO accounts.

Seems sometimes these models backfire, it can't distinguish between an account promoting the symbol versus an account denouncing the symbol. My guess is the models were meant to ban accounts promoting the symbol.

But also, it's possible Twitter just wants to ban all conversations related to it, since no matter where the account stands, it's probably going to put them in a bad spot.