[throw0101a]

> What does it really mean when inflation is going crazy, but also many businesses are making really absurd, record profits?

If a business' costs go up, they can raise their prices to maintain their margins.

> How much inflation can be explained by the changes in the labor pool and government spending, compared to companies just charging more and hoarding more?

If the main components are food and energy, then the things you listed are less likely to be the causes. Though energy prices could be a reflection (pre-Ukraine) of more economic activity generally as people stop staying at home and (e.g.) travel.