That's a very fair perspective, and build-time verification of your dependency graph is great. That said, fx's approach allows for a more dynamic dependency graph. (For example, fx.Replace[0].)
The documentation for Fx, along with nearly all the applications I saw internally, use the dependency injection container only in main - once the application starts successfully, there's no more interaction with the container. For Uber at the time, this struck a useful balance between safety and the difficulty of distributing yet another versioned code gen tool to thousands of repositories.
If I miss something, I'd much rather know when I try to compile instead of waiting 'til a specific code path that uses a missing dependency fails.