Compiling their example with the Arduino toolchain seems to fill up about 90% of an Uno's 32k flash space. I think that rules it out as usable on anything that doesn't have a larger amount than that.
Is that an issue with Arduino? This PR [0] suggests a R/W compile is around 13k (or R/O for 5k) on an M0. I don't know if there'd be a big difference compiling for AVR though.
The Uno has a _giant_ ecosystem behind it going back over a decade and it's more than enough for most beginner mcu projects. That's the appeal. Other than that, it's a pretty weak chip.
[0] https://github.com/littlefs-project/littlefs/pull/480