[phs318u]

Forgot to add this in my other response (where I addressed effectiveness).

With respect to your characterisation of 12-steps as pseudoscience, I can only state that it’s a program designed to change your thinking and by so doing, trigger neurological changes or divert previously default responses. In that sense it’s in the same category as the many and varied approaches used in the field of psychology (eg CBT, DBT etc). Is psychology a pseudoscience in your view?

[sneak]

The effectiveness of a treatment can be measured, and results observed.

CBT is effective. 12 step programs are not.

[phs318u]

For someone who has made a lot of absolute claims, you have not provided any references to back up your claims. Here's a recent study that directly refutes your claim.

https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2020/03/alcoholics-an...