[Metricon]

If you are using a USB microphone (and/or webcam), you can effectively do that with one of these:

4-Port USB 3.0 Hub Power Switches https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00TPMEOYM

[zabzonk]

Or simply by unplugging the mike?

[brewdad]

At which point the system will helpfully switch to the built-in mic.

[zabzonk]

As it might/probably will happen by turning off the USB port.

[leethargo]

I can disable the on-board sound card in the BIOS settings on my Thinkpad (T440p), so unplugging the USB headset should do the trick (but then there's no music either).

[ridgered4]

I do something similar but it doesn't help me with the built in microphone in the laptop. I'd have to disassemble the bezel and possibly snip a wire. It's much easier to Macgyver disable a webcam than a Microphone, even if you've got one of those webcams that can see through plastic with infrared. Best I can do so far is disable the device in device manager.

Although I wonder if the bios on this HP let's you disable it...

[mrspuratic]

This. I do my work on a clamshell laptop, got a similar gadget (bus powered, with LED indicators) when I got an external webcam.

Windows/browser permissions don't have device level granularity AFAICT, so I can't allow access to only an external cam/mic, but I can disable the internal ones in the OS for full tinfoil hat compliance.

Most importantly off is actually off when a button cuts the power.