[Macha]

> Every single requirement is vague and subjective - words like "appropriate", "necessary", "reasonable", "proportionate"

This is how laws work and why the "law as code" people are not going to succeed. The US leaves this to the enforcement stage, e.g. many tests in US law for ascertaining enforcement include things like the reasonable person test (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_person). Proportionality is a well enshrined standard in EU law in particular, and cuts both ways - it's why this ruling is not the maximum fine out the gate.

Or let's take this clause from the DMCA (regarding what is considered obsolete and therefore the library may format shift): "For purposes of this subsection, a format shall be considered obsolete if the machine or device necessary to render perceptible a work stored in that format is no longer manufactured or is no longer reasonably available in the commercial marketplace."