The article says the diamond formed at that depth, but I assume the rock rose to a higher depth before it was extracted. I believe the deepest depth to which we have drilled is on the order of 10 km.
I've alway wondered why they never went deeper. Turns out the answer is in hindsight obvious, but very unsettling:
> The unexpected decrease in density, the greater porosity, and the unexpectedly high temperatures caused the rock to behave somewhat like a plastic, making drilling nearly impossible.
We could use the unexpectedly high temperatures as a heat source for geothermal energy. Make money selling the energy for ten, twenty years,... until the temperatures fall and the rock becomes rigid. Then drill another kilometer, funded from the geophysical exploration budget.
Temperature too high again? Have a long pause to make a little money from geothermal energy.
Geothermal plants can trigger earthquakes [1], so it's probably unwise to build a lot more geothermal plants to meet global energy needs without addressing that risk first, especially near populated areas.