1. Being a liquidity provider to get a cut of exchange fees (https://docs.uniswap.org/protocol/concepts/V3-overview/conce...)
2. Flashloans for arbitrage (https://aave.com/flash-loans/)
3. Autonomous governance for protocol updates (https://compound.finance/governance)
4. Decentralized perpetual contracts (https://www.perp.com/)
5. Decentralized mutual insurance (https://nexusmutual.io/)
Many/all of these depend on speculation to derive value, but there's added value nonetheless