Aristotle was part of the incredible flowering of math and philosophy in Ancient Greece between 600 and 300 BC or so. There was a similar flowering in western Asia between 750 AD and 1050 AD or so. The one doesn't contradict the other. When Western doctors were treating patients in 1400 AD they were working from ibn Sina's (Avicenna's) Canon of Medicine rather than Hippocrates (though ibn Sina owed a lot of Hippocrates). When Colubus was trying to persuade everyone the Earth was small he was arguing mostly about al-Biruni's book on the topic (though al-Biruni owed a huge debt to Eratosthenes). Again, this is more about science than philosophy which in Europe did tend to go directly from the Ancient world to the Renaissance as far as I can tell.