[Hermitian909]

> Worked examples, like other passive learning situations, can cause an 'illusion of knowledge' - feeling like you know and understand, but not really.

As a former educator, my experience is in opposition to this. Students who looked at worked examples and then did practice problems improved their learning rapidly but often felt like they weren't learning that much. Students who worked really hard to "figure it out" and failed often felt really intense feelings of gratification and deep understanding but, in fact, often had a worse understanding of material. I learned (as one of the studies you links indicates) that feelings of deep understanding or learning aren't very correlated with educational outcomes except insofar as they keep you motivated.

For any flaws CLT has I've never seen an alternative theory of learning that seems provide guidance that is even half as effective, both professionally and personally (I've A|B tested both myself and students a fair bit).

[spekcular]

I read the linked blog post and had the same thoughts. The author points out that CLT has some issues and then ... suggests pedagogy based on embodied cognition instead? Come on. CLT may seem like a quasi-ad hoc explanation of certain empirical data, but at least that empirical data exists, replicates, and provides concrete guidance in the classroom. The embodied cognition literature is a mess.

Also, I think it's wrong to position CLT as opposed to active learning techniques. As long as students don't have to "discover" any essential knowledge, everything is kosher according to CLT. So e.g. peer instruction is fine (e.g. the Mazur paper under the other blog post "Evidence for Various Research-based Instructional Strategies: Countering Critiques").

[Jensson]

Tackling problems you haven't seen before is a skill you need to practice, and probably by far the most important skill students can learn in college. Going the other way, giving them nicely packaged solutions that they then repeat robs them of this valuable practice forever, they can never go back and do those problems with a naive mind again, and there aren't that many good problems that are feasible for people to try to solve on their own like this.

Of course, since you mostly test them how good they are at repeating given solutions you wont see this difference in classes. But this difference is very apparent to how they perform after they graduate, there is a reason many people with stellar grades are horrible in practice and vice versa. If you never practiced working under conditions where you don't know exactly how to solve things then you are basically worthless at solving anything people care about.

Edit: I'd say that it is great to learn your tools that way, you don't need to understand them perfectly. But your core competence is worth investing the effort to practice solving novel problems. A physicist can learn math by just repeating solved examples, but a mathematician probably should practice solving things on his own. And solving things yourself is a lot easier in undergrad than waiting for your PHD studies etc, it is the same kind of practice just way easier since the material is easier.

[thoms_a]

>Of course, since you mostly test them how good they are at repeating given solutions you wont see this difference in classes.

Very few teachers do this in math/science/technology classes. Teachers in these subjects understand that it's the design/problem solving process that is being taught, not the particular details which are only retained on an as-needed basis.

The reality is that formalized education is rote by design. The reason many on HN were frustrated by formal education is because they are not the average student. When you are two standard deviations from the mean in ability (in either direction), school will feel like a very painful grind. Most on HN could do the entire K-12 curriculum in a fraction of the time that it takes the average student. However, the education system is designed for the average student, who by definition are the majority. Students who learn very rapidly tend to get tired of the "training wheels" which are employed in formal education. However, only once you have seen the full spectrum of student ability from the other side as an educator do you understand why they are necessary.

The real sad part of all this is that we lie to students and tell them that computer science, which is by far the most abstract and cognitively demanding subject taught in school/college, can be learned and even mastered by all. This demeans the field of computing, and often can make students feel inadequate, as they are told that everyone finds computer science very easy to understand. When faced with a challenging concept, they then immediately feel that they are stupid for not understanding it immediately.

Cognitive load theory helps with difficult subjects like CS, because it prepares the learner for intense effort. When I teach CS, the first sentence I utter to my students is: "This is going to be the hardest subject you've ever taken. Prepare yourself, and don't give up."

[Hermitian909]

I don't know that we disagree entirely.

What I would say is that the thing that makes a lesson good for helping students handle unfamiliar problems well directly hamper the more concrete skill acquisition within the lesson and so you don't want to mix the two uncritically. Student outcomes are much better when teachers are deliberate about which lessons are about handling unfamiliar concepts and which are about more concrete skills like adding fractions.