1 or 2, depends on the kind of modem. VDSL2+ modems might have three, though one of those is the line driver which is zero-delay for the purposes of a computer.
Modems/routers don't use polling nor do they need debouncing. The default USB polling rate is 125Hz, which is already 8ms of latency. Debouncing depends on the switch and is generally a couple milliseconds as well.