[glennonymous]

Upon five more minutes’ consideration, I thought of several reasons why this would probably not imply either of the things I suggested it might imply. But my larger question is: What, if any, would be the larger cosmological implications of this discovery?

[tuatoru]

Yes, according to this StackExchange answer[1] star formation was thought to take around 10 million years (for low-mass stars - less for big stars).

That would be a rounding error on a reasonably precise and accurate estimate of the age of the universe (which I don't think we have yet.)

As for cosmological/other physical implications, it's a "well, now we know more" result.

1. https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/156/how-long-d...