[aix1]

Personally, I am not even sure that "ML vs non-ML" is a useful dichotomy. If method A can be rigorously demonstrated[*] to produce superior results to method B, does it even matter whether mathematically it is constructed out of fast Fourier transforms, Metz filters, layers of convolutions or whatever else?

[*] For example, by measuring the quality of reconstruction of a known image (e.g. a real or digital phantom) or, in the ideal world, by evaluating clinical outcomes.