> DePaul University suggests that this number should be closer to 35 tons of CO2 for jewelry, which accounts for roughly 50% of global gold demand. It is assumed that refinement uses a similar amount of power to recycling; therefore, a total of 79.9 MWh is used for the mining and refinement of each gram of gold used in jewelry. Each kilogram of recycled gold produces 37 tons of CO2 and uses 31.3 MWh of energy. This brings the gold mining industry’s 2020 total to 265 TWh of energy used and 145 Mt of CO2 produced if we use the DePaul study’s numbers and account for 1750 tons of jewelry.
That's generally not true with transaction between countries:
> when countries exchange money for goods in other countries, the gold bars aren't even moved. they bar just gets recorded as belonging to another country
And I don't think individuals or companies make transactions with gold that often.
Bitcoin energy expenditure is not entirely independent from block creation.
Transaction fees already make up a nontrivial fraction of the block reward and can be expected to dominate block subsidy within a few decades as the latter keeps halving every 4 years.
Investment. 46.64%
Jewelry. 36.83%
Central banks. 8.58%
Technology. 7.95%
According to the stats you shared, less than 10% is used by central banks (currency), about 37% in jewelry, and about 47% for investment.
I don’t think it’s fair to lump in jewelry with currency and investments. Much of the discussion I hear argued around cryptocurrency is in comparison to fiat currency. Investments are something again different in my opinion, though I might be convinced otherwise if I saw the those making the comparisons to, say, gold, and making cogent, nuanced points.
But that 46% used for “investment” can still be used for something tangible at a later date and so has something other than speculation setting it’s price.
Frankly I was pleasantly surprised it was only 46% used for investment.
there are multiple generations of people at this point who don't draw the line of utility at “tangible”
now that population has irrevocable possession as well, which still doesnt exist for digital tradable goods outside of this system, and all those people can use their digital property for multiple things too
even if it only does any one of those multiple thing moderately well, instead of anything exceedingly well, thats still value. it relies on cognitive negligence to make a separate higher standard for this, that could not apply to any asset under supply and demand pressure.
Even if gold were exclusively used as an investment, it would still be lower-carbon than Bitcoin. The energy spent per dollar of gold mined is much less than the energy spent per dollar of Bitcoin mined.
https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/a-comparison-of-bitcoins-env...
That includes the cost of making jewelry. Also, transactions with gold basically 0 energy.