It already exists in terms of a more logical layout for faster typing of many latin-based languages. Instead of QUERTY keyboard, it's called the Dvorak layout and is really common in certain circles and places - I believe that in OS X you can switch to this alternative layout pretty easily if you're interested in learning a faster way of typing. More info here: http://atmac.org/dvorak-keyboard-layout-switching
There's also some programmer versions of Dvorak, that make the punctuation more accessible too (by demoting numerals to needing the shift-key to be held):
It is a bit more than just switching the keys and numbers around - it uses the information from the code it examined to intelligently put the special chars that are used most often were they are easiest to access.