No, it does not. Transactions also do not contain IP addresses.
Some chain explorer will track 'first seen IP', eg: the first IP that relayed the transaction, but this does not mean the sender. Same deal with blocks -- you can see the IP sent your peer the block, but not the IP that created it, which may or may not be the same. With Dandelion routing, you can mask the sender IP behind multiple other relaying nodes. https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0156
Many many years ago. The initial designs for Bitcoin had a 'pay to IP' feature, probably to approximate traditional banking IP to IP transfer. It has not existed for almost 8 years now.
"This feature has been removed from Bitcoin Core as-of v0.8.0[1]." (Feb 2013).
That is where Dandelion routing and anonymity networks comes in.
A global passive observer could track cleartext transaction hashes and flag the first IP seen broadcasting them. Bitcoin peer-to-peer CAN support Tor for transaction routing. Monero blockchain can use I2P to hide transaction source also.
_Most_ adversaries do not have such visibility over global internet flows.
Some chain explorer will track 'first seen IP', eg: the first IP that relayed the transaction, but this does not mean the sender. Same deal with blocks -- you can see the IP sent your peer the block, but not the IP that created it, which may or may not be the same. With Dandelion routing, you can mask the sender IP behind multiple other relaying nodes. https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/BIP_0156