[microtonal]

Yeah. Though it really depends on the system.

Some older filesystems, like HFS+ would normalize filenames. In APFS Apple decided not to normalize file names, but this caused a lot of issues. Later they have made APFS normalization-insensitive (so you cannot store two files with the same name, but different normalizations). Different normalizations are handled transparently by macOS frameworks.

On Linux with btrfs:

    $ touch schön
    $ cat $(echo -e "scho\u0308n")
    cat: schön: No such file or directory
    $ touch $(echo -e "scho\u0308n")
    $ ls -l
    total 0
    -rw-r--r-- 1 daniel daniel 0 Dec 17 12:00 schön
    -rw-r--r-- 1 daniel daniel 0 Dec 17 12:00 schön
    $ ls | hexdump -c
    0000000   s   c   h   o 314 210   n  \n   s   c   h 303 266   n  \n

Unicode, loads of fun :).

Edit: updated to make this copy-pastable.

[r-w]

I wonder if ZFS falls prey to the same issue. I've heard good things about it otherwise.