I'm presuming that held out data is used in gradient descent machine learning artificial intelligence, and isn't applicable to systems theory models.
And that other options, including backcasting or parameter adjustment (as was done with different scenarios tested under World3) are.
I'm presuming that held out data is used in gradient descent machine learning artificial intelligence, and isn't applicable to systems theory models.
And that other options, including backcasting or parameter adjustment (as was done with different scenarios tested under World3) are.