[nojokes]

There are only 3 proteins on the surface of the virus and spike is most prominent.

What is actually needed and is probably working for previous infection is knowledge about proteins that are generated after entering cells.

Antibodies and cell based immunity against these do not avoid infection but will allow early elimination of the infected cells.

This is again where mRNA vaccines can shine as they can introduce any protein onto cell surface to be recognized by the immune system.