[cb321]

This is true and an ok point, but the writing of the discussed article even has a subtitle: "Git ls-files is 5 times faster than fd or find, but why?"

My answer is "at least partly because `fd` & `find` are both slow - for different reasons". You are never going to do better than reading a saved answer, but I only get a 1.8x hit for not having an index { which needs maintenance as has been pointed out by almost everyone :-) }. `walk`, linked elsewhere, is less of a strawman comparison but could probably be optimized a bit more.