I am not even sure it aims. It aims to make the team look "professional" or something.
Given that at most organisations the biggest problem always turns out to be communication, stand-ups are probably thought to be a remedy, but in reality they are more of a symptom than a cure.
Where communication works, there is no need to waste anybody's time with stand-ups. Where it does not work, stand-ups fix nothing. Just another cargo-cult practice.