[nyscof]

The Kumar study you cite has many limitations and alternate explanations - one, of which, isn't mentioned - that Medicaid fraud is rampant in New York State.

Kumar writes " one should be cautious in attributing this geographic variation solely to water fluoridation. Furthermore, the availability of fluoride in beverages and fluoride provided through organized programs, which distribute tablets and rinses in non-fluoridated communities, may underestimate [over over-estimate] the effect of fluoridation. A survey of third-grade children in less fluoridated communities in NYS showed that reportedly 20% to 80% of children had received fluoride tablets on a regular basis.34 About 100,000 school-aged children in non-fluoridated areas are targeted for participation in a weekly fluoride rinse program. In addition, toothpaste and processed beverages are the other sources of fluoride. Programs such as school-based sealant programs are also available in these areas."

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925000/

The second link to a Calgary study concludes that tooth decay rates in Calgary, Alberta, have increased because of the city's decision to scrap its fluoridation program. But the study omits data showing that the spike in decay mostly occurred when fluoride was still in the water and used methods that a leading scientist says do "not provide a valid assessment," https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/calgary-fluoride-st...

The Juneay Study is more hype than evidence https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/juneau-fluoridation...