I’ve often thought that some of my favorite artists were completely self indulgent: only making what they thought would be interesting, without caring what other people would think of it. In that way, they only had themselves as their audience of one.
That may not be a sufficient condition for success or innovation, but I think it’s a necessary one.
It can play out in different ways: creating software to scratch your own itch; writing a book to explore a concept that interests you (Tolkien and language is a good example); playing music that you like (and maybe only you will like; drawing, sculpting, painting what interests you.
The idea is that your target audience is yourself and no one else, therefore an audience of one.
That may not be a sufficient condition for success or innovation, but I think it’s a necessary one.