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> In other words, governments with fiat currencies — including the United States — have the power to expand the quantity of those currencies. If they choose to do so, they risk inflating the prices of necessities like food, gas, and housing. > In recent months, consumers have experienced higher price inflation than they have seen in decades. A major reason for the increases is that central bankers around the world — including those at the Federal Reserve — sought to compensate for Covid-19 lockdowns with dramatic monetary inflation. As a result, nearly $4 trillion in newly printed dollars, euros, and yen found their way from central banks into the coffers of global financial institutions. This automatically assumes that the inflationary issues we are facing come from demand. However, it is very clearly a supply issue. Namely, the closure of plants and factories due to labor shortages, lockdowns, and geopolitical issues. When you reduce the supply of goods and services while demand is left the same, you get higher prices. Furthermore, OPEC isn't producing more, which increases oil prices and the prices of all other industries. The chip shortage, which is fundamentally a supply shortage, is also increasing the prices of all other goods and services that rely on chips. This is not an issue of demand. It's similar to the 1970s: supply shocks that led to an increase in the price level. |
There is also the matter of where the money the fed "prints" ends up. Its not handing out singles, they're using other instruments like buying paper. I'm not educated enough to recount exactly what the mechanisms are.
If you allow me to contrive that essentially the fed is buying stock dips for example, the funds they are creating to do so doesn't end up as you mentioned buying loafs of bread and driving up demand, it ends up in the dragon's horde of large corporations and the beneficiaries of the windfall.
So the ultra-wealthy, corporations, large institutional funds (Stanford?) and/or corporate stakeholders see their paper balances of stocks increase, and along with the fabulous credit that having lots of assets brings you, they are free to leverage these assets to consolidate other assets such as real estate, stocks (and buybacks), maybe (but probably not given the yeilds) bonds and maybe a yacht or three.
Corporations, institutions, and ultra-wealthy wouldn't suddenly be able to afford to pay off their credit cards or buy extra calculators or yogurt, that is covered nicely in the first 100k/yr.
The rest is fiefdoms and trust funds for generational transmission. Probably lobbyists too.
Gotta add about 401k/retirement plans: That money is more or less a stipend for end-of-life, how much could that really balance the scale given the facts about the business cycle?