[compsciphd]

how much was the 409a valuation in 2017? $2-$3 a share? 15000 at $3 is $45K. assume all profit, lets say between federal and state he had to pay 40% on that (assuming its not long term capital gains, might very well be, and he's in a high tax state and has a high yearly income). so he would have to pay another 18k at most on top of the few thousand to excercise his options). though possibly less, as I said about long term gains.

18k isn't a small chunk of change, but it should be managable by most engineers. going from 4000 (.27*15k) to 20+K is a big jump, but it shoudn't be what scares you away.