[rixed]

To be fair, in OCaml, Haskell or Rust the type "A | B" also had to be declared beforehand.

[Zababa]

Not exactly. For example, in Rust, you can do unions for traits: https://play.rust-lang.org/?version=stable&mode=debug&editio.... OCaml has the same system for its objects, where objects are structurally typed.

[carlmr]

Yes, but it doesn't really change the way you could handle it, and what I wanted to point out is that it actually helps with type safety, enabling you to create total functions.