[cletus]

A lot of problems ultimately turn into energy problems.

Lack of recycling comes down to it mostly being uneconomic to do so. There can be a labor component to this too but the energy cost matters. A lot of labor can be automated, which then also becomes an energy problem.

It's highly likely that in 1B years, we'll have access to energy many orders of magnitude higher than we do now and it'll probably be much cheaper. My personal prediction is the space-based solar power collection is likely to be dominant. The big unknown is fusion. Personally I'm not yet convinced fusion will ever be economical, but that's a whole other topic.

We live in hot, dry climates now (eg the Middle East). What makes that possible is simply energy for food and water production, climate control and so on.

It'll likely be worse for other life on Earth but that too is an energy problem. Also, we have no real idea of what life will look like in 1B years since we'll likely have gone through several mass extinction events between now and then.

And of course, in the last 1B years we've largely gone from single-celled and early multi-cellular organisms to what we have now.