You should read about the step up in basis loophole that happens when you die. That's the biggest one I'm aware of where your estate doesn't pay taxes after death that you would have owed in life. I'm sure there are many others I'm not aware of, but this is one everyone should know about.
Yes, every single piece of it is taxed. But a lot of people really don’t want you to think it is. Apparently a couple of articles about the calendar years in which some billionaire didn’t pay very much tax did the trick on the parent commenter.
> https://www.investopedia.com/terms/s/stepupinbasis.asp