[LdSGSgvupDV]

Uh... I replied to OP which is for individual.

In the scale of country, East Asia did quite well without any policies (exclude China, they have a special policy on it). Just keep raising the price of estate, and then birth rate would drop and never come back.

For the part of energy, according to the EPA report[1], the emissions by electricity and heat are around 25% in total. If we want to reduce 20% in total, we need to close 80% of fossil plants. For me, it is nearly impossible. There are some countries may not have the land or safe area to place nuclear/renewable plants. (e.g. Singapore...) I know there is a plan for Singapore to buy the clean solar energy from Australia, but it only covers 1/5 of the consumption. Also, there must be security issues for transferring power between countries.

[1] https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emiss...

[nico_h]

There's also a Singaporean project in Batam Indonesia for a solar power plant (it's only 50km away from Singapore).

https://www.sunseap.com/SG/newsroom/2021/sunseap-signs-MOU-w...

[adrianN]

Global numbers are not representative of industrialized countries. E.g. in the US electricity is about 25% of GHG emissions. Many individuals too can choose to use an electric car (or even no car at all), to install solar panels (or at least pay for greenwashed electricity), and improve insulation and switch to electricity for heating (if they own a house).