I did a small A/B test long ago, and found that the date, if more than a couple of years old, can discourage a lot of people from even reading the article.
So maybe it should be placed at the end as a compromise?
I can definitely appreciate the conundrum - you write a great piece and you want people to see it. My 2c would just be: trust your reader. People tend to have a good sense for whether a particular piece of content is going to have an effective “use-by” date or not.